The latitude of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through or close to the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called as parallels, as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator, the fundamental plane of all geographic co-ordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

The longitude of a point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses whih are often called great circles, which converge at the North and South Poles.

The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule.
The origin Or zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km Or 390 miles south of Tema, Ghana, a location often refered to as Null Island.

References simplemaps.com wikipedia.org